ASSIGNMENT代写

美国伯克利作业代写 药物滥用

2020-03-18 12:24

物质滥用包括鸦片依赖、酗酒或滥用任何具有潜在有害心理和社会影响的物质,是影响数百万人、他们的家庭、他们的健康和整个社会的一个文化和公共卫生问题。“药物是一种化学物质,它通过侵入大脑的通讯系统,干扰神经元正常的发送、接收和处理信息的方式来影响大脑。”一些药物,如大麻和海洛因,可以激活神经元,因为它们的化学结构类似于天然的神经递质”(NIH, 2018)。在19世纪,可卡因、消遣性毒品和鸦片都很流行。然而,到了19世纪末,由于个人滥用这些药物,出现了重大的社会问题。到19世纪末,这些药物的滥用已经成为一个重大的社会问题,公众的关注也越来越多。医生也使用吗啡、可卡因、鸦片和鸦片衍生物来治疗疼痛、镇静和镇痛。然而,由于这些药物具有镇静和成瘾性,许多人出人意料地对它们上瘾并依赖它们。当许多人发现这些药物是多么容易和容易获得的时候,对这些药物的依赖和滥用就变得猖獗起来。1914年通过的《哈里森法》试图管制个人毒品活动的流入。在20世纪,由于与滥用毒品有关的问题日益增多,联邦政府对毒品的管制初具规模。通过税收的努力,制定了严厉的规章制度。1914年《哈里森麻醉品法》(哈里森法;鸦片、鸦片衍生物和可卡因的强制经销商、制造商和进口商必须在美国注册。美国财政部。U。随后,美国财政部将保留交易记录,以及对进口设备和制造商征收的特别税和关税。同样,根据该法案,所有的供应者和从业人员都被授权开可卡因、鸦片和鸦片衍生物的处方,但哈里森法案下的法律有许多解释。许多开处方的医生失去了执照和特权,进了监狱,因为财政部认为病人的药物维持使用超出了最初规定的医疗范围。根据《哈里森法》,国内税务局的麻醉品处关闭了州和市的麻醉品中心/诊所,所有被发现犯有某种罪行的人都被送进了联邦监狱。根据法律规定,任何出售药物的人都必须在美国国税局(Internal Revenue Services)登记,这就赋予了医生独家开药的特权。尽管《哈里森法》减少了一些非法毒品活动,但它并没有根除或预防滥用毒品或吸毒成瘾。药物问题继续上升,甚至出现了新的新药,如可卡因、合成药物和LSD。吸毒会损害思维和记忆,并影响一个人的学习方式。它影响施虐者的判断,往往导致错误的选择和决定,往往导致监禁或死亡。
美国伯克利作业代写 药物滥用
 Substance abuse including opiate dependence, alcoholism, or abuse of any substance with potentially deleterious psychological and social effects, is a cultural and public health problem affecting many millions of persons, their families, their health and the society as a whole. “Drugs are chemicals that affect the brain by tapping into its communication system and interfering with the way neurons normally send, receive, and process information. Some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, can activate neurons because their chemical structure mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter” (NIH, 2018).In the 19th century, Cocaine, recreational drugs and opium were all popular.However, coming to the close of nineteen century, significant social issues arose as individuals were abusing these aforementioned drugs. By the end of the 19th century, abuse of these drugs was a significant social issue, and public concern was growing. Physicians also used morphine, Cocaine, opium, and opium derivatives for treatment of pain,sedation and analgesia however,many individuals became unexpectedly addicted and dependent on these drugs due to its sedative and addictive properties.As many people discovered how easy and accessible these drugs were, the more dependent and abusive of these drugs for its euphoric effects became rampant. The Harrison Act was passed in 1914 in attempt to regulate the influx of personal drug activities. In the 20th century because of the growing problems related to drug abuse, federal control of drugs began to take shape. Through taxation efforts, regulations were stipulated with strigent measures. Acts such as those found under The Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914 (Harrison Act; P.L. 63-223), enforced distributors, manufacturers and importers of opium, its derivatives and cocaine, to register with the U.S department of treasury. U.S Treasury in turn will then keep records of transactions and special taxes and tariffs imposed on the distrubutors and manufacturers. Also under the Act, all providers,practitioners were authorized to prescribe cocaine, opium and opium derivatives but the law under the Harrison Act was subject to many interpretations. Many prescribers, practitioners lost their licenses, privileges and went to jail as the treasury viewed ways patient drug maintenance was used beyond medical scope as originally stipulated. Narcotic Division of the Internal Revenue Bureau under the Harrison Act, closed down state and city narcotic centers/clinics and all who were found gulity of certain misdimeanor were sent to federal penitentiaries. Anyone who sold drugs were mandated under the law to register with the Internal Revenue Services and this gave exclusive prescribing privileges to doctors. Even though the Harrison Act curtailed some of the illegal drug activities, it did not eradicate nor prevent drug abuse or drug addiction. Drug problems continued to be on the rise with even new introductions of newer drugs like crack, synthetic drugs and LSD.Drug use impairs thinking and memory, and impacts how a person learns. It affects the abusers’ judgment often leading to bad choices and decisions that often times results in imprisonment or death.
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