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Economics Assignment 代写:联邦制国家经济政策
2017-02-07 09:42
随着澳元升值,澳大利亚出口企业,尤其是矿业企业,将面临业绩不佳的风险。据统计,自2008十月以来,澳元兑美元升值了70%,这是全球经济低迷背景下澳大利亚经济的灾难。这也会影响澳大利亚的经济增长和减少政府收入。因此,如果政府不想放慢经济增长速度,就必须增加财政支出来刺激国内需求。尽管澳大利亚的失业率在发达国家较低,但在2012到2013年间有恶化的趋势。根据数据,失业率由2012十一月的5.2%上升至2013三月的5.6%。36100三月就业人数较上月下降2013,其中28700是兼职雇员。维多利亚和昆士兰面临就业最严重的下滑,分别下降了9300和9300。主要原因是工人在公共服务领域被解雇。由此可见就业市场将继续恶化。如何解决失业率降低的问题,答案是政府要增加财政支出,创造更多就业机会。接下来,我们将讨论个人所得税税率的问题。澳大利亚自2012年7月1日开始使用新的个人所得税税率,大幅增加个人所得税的门槛,由6000元提高至18000元。以下两个统计图表将显示新的和旧的个人税率。Economics Assignment 代写:联邦制国家经济政策
Australia is a federal state, and it adopts a centralized financial management system. The federal government's revenue accounted for about 70% of the national fiscal revenue, and the federal government spending accounts for about 30% of the national fiscal spending. At the same time, a large part of the local government spending comes from the federal government’s transfer payments. So the federal government plays an important role in fiscal policy. On fiscal spending, in the past few decades, the federal government has been implementing the fiscal deficit policy. This has also led to the increasing of the federal government deficit. For example, during 2011-2012, the budget deficit of the federal government is $37.1 billion. However, this figure had reached $50.4 billion a year before. In face of the growing budget deficits, the federal government had to take measures to solve the financial difficulties. On May 10, 2011 the Australian government plans to cut spending $22.2 billion over the next four years to control domestic inflation. This is the first time to cut fiscal spending in Australia in the past 23 years. And they also said that the expenditure growth rates would be controlled in less than 2% before the fiscal surplus reached 1% of gross domestic product (GDP). But whether the goal could be achieved, it is hard to say. With the appreciation of the Australian dollar, the export enterprises in Australia, especially mining companies, will be faced with the risk of the poor performance. According to the statistics, the Australian dollar has appreciated by 70% since October 2008, which is a disaster for Australia's economy under the background of the global economic downturn. This will also affect the Australia's economic growth and reduce government revenues. So if the government does not want to slow the economic down, it has to increase the fiscal spending to stimulate the domestic demand. And although Australia's unemployment rate is lower in developed countries, it has a tendency to deteriorate between 2012 and 2013. According to data, the unemployment rates increases from 5.2% in November 2012 to 5.6% in March 2013. The number of employment people fall 36100 compared to last month in March 2013, 28700 of which is part-time employees. The Victoria and Queensland faces the worst decline in employment, which fell in 9300 and 9300 respectively. The main reason is that workers have been fired in the field of public services. So this shows that the employment market will continue to deteriorate. How to solve the problem to reduce the unemployment rate, the answer is that the government has to increase the fiscal spending to create more employment opportunities. Next, we will discuss the problem of the personal taxation rates. Australia began to use new personal taxation rates since July 1, 2012, and substantially increased the threshold of personal income tax from $6000 to $18000. The following two statistical charts will show the difference between the new and old personal taxation rates.
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