美国大学代写论文:贫困的定义

2017-03-27 00:30

关于贫困的定义和定义有不同的观点。传统上，贫穷是用经济术语来定义的，即个人没有钱购买基本需求所必需的食物或物品，随后发展也被用经济术语来定义。基本所有的定义贫困有贫困的物质方面基本一致，如缺乏食物、洁净水和卫生设施。”[ 2 ]的贫困定义基于经济学、经济增长、货币为基础的概念，已在第二十一世纪后期多的批评下，对一个不考虑社会网络可以更富有争议的。例如，自给自足的社区，建立自己的房子，种植自己的作物，消费和自己的衣服，按传统的定义被归类为穷人，因为他们没有钱。由此可以看出，贫困的观点在一定程度上是相对的，不发达与贫穷不同，它最简单地说就是资源的不充分利用。麦克亨利给出如下定义：它是指不发达的第三世界国家的条件下，其特征包括相对贫困，生产效率低，技术落后，一级结构改变为抑制人口的大部分，通过与欧洲达成这种状态的历史过程，后来，北美洲，即都城，中心，帝国主义，殖民主义和新殖民主义或国家。”[ 3 ]，在麦克亨利属性殖民地国家不发达的责备和对帝国主义是重要的，但是不发达不发达的理论家会挑战麦克亨利的观点的基础上，它是一种直接的和预期的结果T资本主义生产方式，如本节所示。
美国大学代写论文:贫困的定义
There are different ideas as to how poverty is and should be defined. Traditionally poverty has been defined in economic terms, that individuals do not have money to buy food or items essential for basic needs and subsequently development has also been defined in economic terms. Underlying all definitions of poverty ‘there is a basic agreement on the material aspect of poverty, such as lack of food, clean water and sanitation.’[2] The definition of poverty based upon economics and economic growth, a monetary based conception, has come under much criticism in the later part of the twenty-first century, for one it does not take account of social networks which arguable can be richer. Communities that are self-sufficient, for example, build their own houses, grown their own crops for consumption and make their own clothes, would by the conventional definition be classed as poor as they don’t have money. From this it can be taken that the view of poverty can be, to some extent, relative.Underdevelopment is distinct from poverty in that it is, in most simple terms, the under use of resources. McHenry gives the following definition of underdevelopment in that it refers to ‘the condition of Third-World countries - whose characteristics include relative poverty, low productivity, backward technology, a class structure inhibiting change for the bulk of the population - and the historical process of reaching this state of affairs through contact with Europe and, later, North America, i.e. the metropole, centre, imperialist, or colonialist/neo-colonialist countries.’[3] It is significant that McHenry attributes the blame for underdevelopment on the colonial countries and on imperialism, however underdevelopment theorists would challenge McHenry’s view of underdevelopment on the basis that it is a direct and intended result of the capitalist mode of production, as this section proceeds to show.

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