美国德克萨斯代写Assignment:麦克尼尔的实验总结

2017-06-28 18:10

麦克尼尔（1990:52）总结的实验目的是创造研究者研究标准化的情况下，在其中所有的变量是实验者的控制下，并在其中操纵变量的结果可以研究和测量。如果变量之间存在某种相关性，研究人员必须表明这是一种偶然的关系，而不是巧合。这是真的，但是在试验人类行为时有一个主要的问题。个人的行为或反应很难衡量，因为他们可能受到不同物质的影响。尽管班级背景、同辈影响等其他自变量都得到了控制，但毫无疑问，这两类学生都能摆脱与感情问题有关的外界影响。例如，一些实验组的学生可能不擅长，因为他们有个人问题，比如他们爱上了他们的一个同学，这导致他们不能集中精力学习成绩，或者他们在孤儿院有问题。像Eisenberg（1996）曾说：“合理的行为，通过实验并没有思考的过程，制作过程出错的结果。此外，教师本身可能偏向某些学生。教师对控制组的评分高于对照组，而另一个可能出现的问题是学生的问题。如前所述，这些学生是基于他们所做的测试和他们做得如何。因此，这里可能会有挫折，因为一些学生可能在考试中表现得很好，因为他们那天很幸运，不是因为他们聪明。不过，这个问题可以通过问孤儿院的管理员来解决，孤儿的智力水平很高。学生的选择还有另外一个问题。如前所述，他们会被问到是否服用过药物，因此有可能在控制组的学生说谎，因为他们害怕被孤儿院抓住。
美国德克萨斯代写Assignment:麦克尼尔的实验总结
As McNeil (1990:52) summarised 'the purpose of the experiment is to create a standardised situation for the researcher to study, in which all variables are under the control of the experimenter, and in which the results of manipulating variables can be studied and measured. If some correlation is found between variables, the researcher has to show that this is casual relationship rather than just coincidence'. This is true but there is a major problem when it comes to experimenting human behaviours. Individuals' behaviours or responses can be difficult to measure because they can be influenced by different matter. Even though other independent variables like class background, peer influence has been controlled, there is no doubt that these two groups of students can escape from other outside influence that involve with the matter of feelings. For example, some of the students in the experimental group may not do well because they have personal problems like they fell in love with one of their classmates which result them to not concentrate on their academic performances, or they have problems back at the orphanage. Like Eisenberg (1996) once said 'rationalising behaviour through experimentation does not account for the process of thought, making outcomes of the process fallible'. Furthermore, the teachers themselves may be bias toward certain students. The teachers may give higher marks to the control group because they favour this group more than the experimental group.Another problem that might arise is the problem with the students that are selected. As mentioned, these students are based on the test they have taken and how well they did. Therefore there might be a setback here as some of the students may actually do well on that test because they were fortunate that day, not because they are bright people. However, this problem can be fixed by asking the administrator of the orphanage which orphans have high intellectual level. There is also another problem with the selection of students. As stated they will be asked if they have taken drugs before and therefore there is a chance that these students in the control group may lie because they were scared they get caught by the orphanage.

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