美国宾夕法尼亚代写Assignment:实体论的哲学

2018-10-29 15:34

亚里斯多德提出了有关实体论的哲学，根据这种哲学，灵魂是一种使身体有生命的东西。灵魂是一套属性;一个表单....例如玻璃是水的一种形式。根据亚里士多德的观点，灵魂与肉体的关系是物质的一种形式。所以人类的任何现象特征都是身体的特征因为灵魂是身体的一部分它完成了所有这些现象特征。亚里斯多德解释了灵魂与肉体的统一，两者都需要彼此合作。笛卡尔提出了二元论的哲学，根据这一哲学，心灵是与大脑分离的存在，是一种非物质实体。所有这些非凡的特征都是心灵的一部分。他是第一个把意识、意识和智力等同起来的人。在他看来，大脑是一种物质物质，是身体的一部分，但精神与身体是分开存在的。笛卡尔认为心灵是一个非物质实体。他认为肉体是一种延伸而非思考的东西。他认为，心灵可以脱离其伸展的身体而存在。因此，思想不是身体的一部分，而是一种不同的物质。因为思想的本质在于思想的力量。他的哲学背后的实际想法是思想和身体可以相互作用。他认为只有人类才有思想。动物没有头脑。他们缺乏自我意识的特征。生物有三种感觉:身体的、意识的、自我意识的。根据笛卡儿的说法，动物和人类只有第一种共同的感觉，那就是生理上的。例如，如果动物有感觉，例如，唯一可能的反应是身体上的，如跳舞，尖叫等，但他们不会有意识地感觉任何东西，因为他们缺乏对思想的理解。
美国宾夕法尼亚代写Assignment:实体论的哲学
Aristotle gave the philosophy of Hylomorphism, according to which soul is something which makes a body alive. Soul is a set of properties; a form….such as glass is the form of water in it. According to Aristotle soul is related to body as a form of matter. So whatever phenomenal features of human being are that are the characteristic of body because soul is the part of the body which is accomplishing all these phenomenal features. Aristotle explained the unity of soul and body, both needs each other to work.Descartes gave the philosophy of dualism, according to which mind is a separate existence from brain and is a non-physical entity. All these phenomenal features are part of mind. He was first to identify mind with consciousness, awareness and intelligence. According to him brain is a material substance which is a part of body but mind exists separately from the body. The mind according to Descartes was a non-material entity. And he considered body as an extended and non-thinking thing. He argued that mind can exist apart from its extended body. And therefore mind is not a part of the body, it’s a different substance. Because the essence of mind is in the power of thinking. the actual idea behind his philosophy is that mind and body can interact. He argued that only humans have minds. Animals do not have minds. They lack the feature of self-consciousness. Living things can have three grades of sensation: physical, conscious, self-conscious. According to Descartes animals and human have only first sensation in common and that is physical. For example if an animal has felt a sensation e.g., the only possible reactions would be physical like dancing, screaming etc. But they will not consciously feel anything because they lack understanding of mind.

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